Ruby Falls, Tennessee: The Tallest Underground Waterfall in America

There are some places that really take you by surprise, immersing you in an experience that you know you'll remember for the rest of your life. You forget where you are and are just completely in the moment. Ruby Falls in Tennessee is one of those places. Ruby Falls isn't so much an attraction as an experience. Sure, Ruby Falls is the tallest and deepest underground waterfall open to the public in the United States. And the mountain overlook directly overhead allows for some of the most spectacular views of the Tennessee Valley, Cumberland Plateau, and Tennessee River, not to mention epic outdoor recreation. But Ruby Falls is so much more than numbers or bullet points. It's one of the most magical places you'll ever visit.

You might not expect an underground waterfall to be found atop a mountain, but this is not your average waterfall. The access point for Ruby Falls sits at the peak of Lookout Mountain, located on the border of Tennessee and Georgia. Ruby Falls opened to the public in 1929, and it has quite a romantic history.

Ruby Falls was discovered by Leo Lambert, a chemist and cave enthusiast who found the underground falls somewhat accidentally. Lambert was drilling an elevator shaft into the adjacent Lookout Mountain Cave in 1928 so he could efficiently lower tourists into the grand cavern, which was the second-longest known cave in the region.

But then, Lambert happened upon something truly remarkable: a stunning cascade spilling 145 feet down a narrow shaft in the limestone that had remained untouched and inaccessible to the outside world prior to his endeavor. He named the falls after his wife, Ruby, in what is perhaps one of the sweetest gestures of all time.

On December 30, 1929, the Lookout Mountain Caverns opened to the public, and the following June, the Ruby Falls Cave was expanded and opened as well. Ruby Falls quickly became a favorite attraction for explorers, adventurers, families, and even lovers. In 1930, the very first wedding was held in this underground wonderland. Nearly a century later, Ruby Falls remains one of Tennessee's greatest natural wonders.

Lookout Mountain Cave is no longer open to the public, as tourists overwhelmingly preferred visiting the magnificent underground waterfall, but its history is fascinating in its own right. Unlike Ruby Falls Cave, Lookout Mountain Cave could be accessed by the outside world, and there is evidence that animals and humans alike used the cave dating back to prehistoric eras. Lookout Mountain Cave also served as a shelter for both Union and Confederate soldiers during the Civil War, many of whom carved their names into its walls.

Today, Ruby Falls invites everyone to experience its glory. There are a variety of guided tours available, and the one-mile cave walk is definitely family-friendly. The pathway is narrow and can be slick in places, but there are handrails to assist your journey deep beneath the mountain. You'll want to take your time in the caverns to soak up what's around you.

The geological formations are completely stunning and almost otherworldly. The cave surrounding Ruby Falls was formed over 200 million years ago as an underground stream fed by rainwater slowly eroded the limestone. It’s amazing to think about everything that converged to create this living geological work of art set within a mountain.

The delicate formations we see today - including stalactites, stalagmites, columns, and drapery ribbons - are an impressive display of nature's artistry. The most incredible part of the cavern is, of course, Ruby Falls. What makes Ruby Falls so unique is that this resplendent waterfall is completely underground. Its beauty will take your breath away. Since its beginnings, Ruby Falls has been a place for dreamers.

The lantern tours are perhaps the most magical way to experience the underground falls. Small groups are led through the caverns with hand-held lanterns as the only light source. Rock formations, pristine pools, and shadows dance before your eyes. On the lantern tour, you’ll get to experience the cave in a unique and wonderful way.

With limited light, you'll hear the trickling waterfall first. The sound grows louder and louder, leading up to a grand reveal of Ruby Falls that will stop you in your tracks. It’s a sublime sensory experience and a moment you'll always remember.

Above this subterranean wonder, the spectacular views atop Lookout Mountain are equally as enticing. Ruby Falls and Lookout Mountain are located just minutes outside of Chattanooga, and the city lights are lovely in the evening. But the views here are just as stunning by day. In fact, the Lookout Mountain Tower attracts tourists from all over the United States (and the world).

On a clear day, you can see into seven different states from the overlook! From here, you'll have an uninterrupted panorama of the Tennessee Valley. Outdoor enthusiasts and adventure seekers will delight in knowing they can take in these views while zip-lining across Lookout Mountain. Ruby Falls' High Point Zip Adventure spans 700 feet and offers spectacular sights.

It's worth conquering any fear of heights to experience Lookout Mountain like this. In the wilds of Tennessee, there exists a place that occupies two divine worlds simultaneously. Both above ground and far below, it will take your breath away. Ruby Falls is as intriguing today as it was back in 1929.

One of the best experiences in life is that of wonder - of marveling at the wide, wonderful world. There may not be a place more marvelous - or wonderful - than Ruby Falls.

Ruby Falls is one of the most incredible natural wonders you'll ever see as you marvel at its magnitude and magnificence. You'll be awestruck by this wonderful world we live in, where such beauty is possible - but often hidden. This is the experience that is Ruby Falls.

As you plan your visit to Ruby Falls, it’s worth noting a few practical details that help make the experience even more enjoyable. The attraction is designed to be accessible to a wide range of visitors, though the cave paths can be narrow and uneven, so comfortable footwear is essential. While portions of the tour are manageable for most guests, those with mobility concerns should check ahead for the latest accessibility accommodations. Parking is available on-site and generally convenient, but arriving early during peak seasons can save time and hassle. Restrooms, a gift shop, and dining options are also available at the main facility, making it easy to spend several hours. Ruby Falls offers a well-rounded, thoughtfully maintained experience that blends wonder with comfort, ensuring your trip is as seamless as it is memorable. Feeling inspired? Try planning your own Tennessee trip using Only In Your State’s itinerary planner.